Moreover, ethiopia is also one of the 27 countries with a high burden of multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb. Mdr rr tb cases started on secondline treatment in 2016 72% 703 xdr tb cases started on secondline treatment in 2016 tb. Ethiopia launched new guideline for reaching missed. Ethiopia is one of the 30 high mdr tb prevalent countries and the burden of mdr tb is increasing with an estimated incidence of 2. Kncv tuberculosis foundation is looking for a fulltime. Our resources improve and expand tb diagnostic and treatment services and screening in rural areas and among.
Up to date, the mdr tb treatment outcome is not sufficiently understood in ethiopia. Ethiopia is among the 30 high tb, hiv and mdr tb burden countries, with annual estimated tb incidence of 177100,000 populations and death rate of 25 per 100,000 populations for 2016. Based on a recent metaanalysis report, the pooled estimate of mdr tb among new and previously treated cases was 2% 1 to 2% and 15% 12 to 17%,respectively. Generating epidemiological data on multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb is essential to assess the magnitude and trends of anti tb drug resistance. The diagnosis of mdr tb can take several months or even longer often too late for the patient. Low prevalence of mycobacterium bovis in tuberculosis. Mdrxdrtb colour test for drug susceptibility testing of. Epidemiology of multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdrtb. Tuberculosis prevalence ethiopian public health institute. Risk factors for the occurrence of multidrugresistant. Treatment success rates for mdr tb are a remarkable 78% worldwide, the rate is 48%. Mdr tb is a substantial and underreported problem in subsaharan africa ssa, with recognised cases projected to increase with advancement in diagnostic technology. Pdf predictor of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in.
According to the 2014 who global tb report, 22 high burden countries account for 80 percent of the global tb cases and ethiopia has the tenth highest tb burden in the world. Despite considerable achievements in tackling tb over the last decade, ethiopia continues to have a high burden of tb and multidrugresistant tb mdr tb. It disproportionally affects those living in the different regions of countries and within the region. Multidrug resistant mdr tb in ethiopia may be more prevalent than previously appreciated. Ethiopia is 15th among the 27 mdrtb highburden countries. Ethiopia, the second most populous nation in africa with a population of 92 million, is among the 27 high mdr tb burdened countries identified by the who and has an estimated 2100 new mdr tb cases per year. Prevalence of multidrugresistant tuberculosis and associated. However, there are limited evidence 4, 12, on intermittent treatment interruption, and its effects on treatment outcome in patients with mdr tb. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of mdr tb and associated factors in ethiopia. About 9% of mdr tb cases also have resistance to two other classes of drugs, or extensively drugresistant tb xdr tb. Comparison of the yield of tuberculosis among contacts of multidrug.
The aim of this study was to examine spatial variation of mortality and the risk factor of death on multidrugresistant tuberculosis patients treated in different mdr tb hospitals of. Our findings indicate that the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis due to m. Improving tb detection rates and further reducing the burden of disease in ethiopia will require optimization of. Posted 30 oct 2017 originally published 30 oct 2017 origin view original. However, growing evidence shows that low treatment success rate and high rates of adverse events are associated with this regimen. Untreated, mdr tb is a deadly disease affecting impoverished people who cannot afford timely diagnosis and adequate treatment for this curable illness. The new guideline on reaching missed tb cases in ethiopia utilized the generic guidance on prioritization developed by who and stop tb partnership. The objective of the study was to investigate risk factors for mdr tb. A total of 439 medical records belonging to mdr tb and non mdr tb patients managed in public health centres from january 2008 to december 2011 were analysed. Pdf determinants of multidrugresistant tuberculosis in. To determine risk factors of mdrtb patients in amhara national. Previous studies have documented variable prevalences of multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb and its risk factors in ethiopia. This includes trends in tb incidence and mortality, data on case detection and treatment results for tb, multidrugresistant tb mdr tb, tb. However, there are limited evidence 4,12, on intermittent treatment interruption, and its effects on treatment outcome in patients with mdr tb.
In this study, we used the 2016 global burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors gbd data to analyze the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of tuberculosis tb in ethiopia over the last 26 years. Pdf the emergence of drugresistant tuberculosis tb, particularly multidrugresistant mdr and extensively drugresistant xdr tb. Likewise, two studies reported xdr tb in the range of 1% 4. In addition, the burden of mdr tb in ethiopia is increasing. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb in hiv endemic settings is a major threat to public health. Ethiopia is one of tb, tb hiv, and multidrug resistant tuberculosis mdr tb high burden country globally. Ethiopia, tb treatment gaps remain especially among mdrtb cases 12. Current treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in ethiopia. Pdf the emergence of drugresistant tuberculosis tb, particularly multidrug resistant mdr and extensively drugresistant xdr tb.
Multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdrtb has continued to be a challenge for tuberculosis tb control globally. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with mdr. Department of medical microbiology, immunology and parasitology, college of medicine and health sciences, bahir dar university, ethiopia 2. By march 20, 84 countries had reported at least one xdr tb case. Epidemiological evidence of mdr tb in ethiopia the who report in 20 indicated that 450,000 new cases of mdr tb and 170,000 deaths due to mdr tb occurred globally in 2012. Intermittent treatment interruption and its effect on. Conclusions the burden of mdrtb remains high in ethiopian settings, especially in previously treated tb cases.
Determinants of multidrugresistant tuberculosis in addis. Last year, ethiopia saw around 140 000 cases of tuberculosis, which probably amounts to twothirds of the total burden. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb is an emerging public health problem in ethiopia. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in ethiopia from 2003 to. The report provides a comprehensive and uptodate assessment of the tb epidemic, and progress in the response, at global, regional and country levels. Efforts to control the global burden of tuberculosis tb have been jeopardized by the rapid evolution of multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb, which is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Mdr xdr tb colour test for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis, northwest ethiopia. This quantitative, descriptive study investigated risk factors for mdr tb in addis ababa, ethiopia. Ethiopia is the third largest and populous country in africa. Since the treatment of mdr tb in ethiopia started recently, the survival rate and its determinant factors among patients under mdr tb treatment are not described. Ethiopia is also one of the 27 high mdr tb burden countries. However, data on mdr tb in ethiopia in general, and in our study area in particular, are very scarce. Treatment outcomes and antiretroviral uptake in multidrug. Pdf risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
Spatial frailty survival model for multidrugresistant. Efforts by the national tb programme to control mdr tb include expanding ambulatory care. Roughly 90% of patients with drugsensitive tuberculosis were successfully treated. Ambulatory care for multidrugresistant tuberculosis. To investigate the opportunities and challenges faced by treatment followup health centres tfcs when managing mdr tb patients, with greater focus on recording, tb. Efforts to control the global burden of tuberculosis tb epidemic have now been jeopardized by the rapid evolution of drugresistant mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb, which are resistant to one or more anti tb drugs. Multidrug resistant tuberculosismdrtb is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in.
Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of multidrugresistant. Mdr rr tb cases started on secondline treatment in 2016 72% 703 xdr tb cases started on secondline treatment in 2016 tb preventive treatment, 2018. Current treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis in ethiopian settings and. National tuberculosis reference laboratory, addis ababa, ethiopia. Tuberculosis tb, a disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb, is the main cause of death. In summary, this thesis provided settingspecific information about the epidemiology of mdr tb in ethiopia and china, and estimated the psychosocial burden of mdr tb. Also, in 2016 about 19% of previously treated tb cases were estimated to have either rifampicin or multi drug resistant tb. Ethiopia could be a model country for tuberculosis control. This study was aimed to assess predictor of mdr tb in southwest part of ethiopia. An estimated 17% of all tuberculosis cases in ethiopia are caused by mycobacterium bovis. The most powerful predictor of the emergence of mdr tb reported in ethiopia is previous exposure to anti tb drug treatment. Prevalence of multidrugresistant tuberculosis and associated factors in ethiopia.
At the end of february 2012, a total of 424 cases of mdrtb. In 2015, the treatment success rate for multidrugresistant mdrtb cases in ethiopia was reported to be 68% who, 2016. The burden of tuberculosis tb has not been comprehensively evaluated over the last 25 years in ethiopia. Ethiopia tuberculosis profile population 2018 109 million estimates of tb burden. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia ministry of health. Ethiopia is one of the countries with high mdr tb burden. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis mdr tb is becoming a major challenge of the tuberculosis tb control program in ethiopia. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb is resistant to the two main firstline anti tuberculosis drugs. Kncv is the lead partner in challenge tb, the usaidfunded 5year global program to decrease tb mortality and morbidity in high burdened countries. However, tb diagnosis in ethiopia has been mainly based on sputum smear microscopy. To determine the drug susceptibility pattern of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and to genetically characterise multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb isolates. Alert hospital in addis ababa is one of the 40 health centres in the country with the capacity to diagnose and treat mdr tb. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb has been jeopardizing the global effort to prevent and control tuberculosis tb.
Pdf prevalence of multidrugresistant tuberculosis and. The objective of this study was to assess the potential risk factors for multidrugresistant tuberculosis among patients undergoing mdr tb treatment at two community hospitals in ethiopia. New ethiopian tb guildline november 2016 slideshare. Risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients in amhara. Little information is available regarding the determinants of mdr tb in ethiopia, and hence, we assessed the probable determinants of mdr tb in southern ethiopia. It features data on disease trends and the response to the epidemic in 202 countries and territories. Tb hiv and mdr tb burden countries with an estimated tb incidence of 164 per 100,000 population of drug susceptible tb. Ethiopia is one of the high multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb burden countries. Risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients. Mdrtb clinicianinternist addis ababa, ethiopia kncv. Estimated mdr tb cases among new pulmonary tb cases notified in 2009 1 500 8702 600 estimated mdr tb cases among retreated pulmonary tb cases notified in 2009 420 230740 mdr tb reported cases 2009 new retreatment total cases tested for mdr tb 16 298 377 % of notified tested for mdr tb mdr tb 12 180 233 mdr. Risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients in amhara national regional state.
Global tuberculosis report 2019 world health organization. Review open access multidrugresistant tuberculosis in. Manual searching was also done from the institutional repository websites of ethiopian universities such as addis ababa university, and. Based on these studies, a simple risk score was developed to estimate the absolute risk of poor treatment outcomes in patients with mdr tb. Wondemagegn mulu1, daniel mekonnen1, mulat yimer1, aschalew admassu2, bayeh abera1 1. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis in ethiopian settings and.
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